For decades, the name of the Valencian anarchist César Orquín Serra responded to that of one of the 7,251 Spanish republicans deported to the Nazi concentration camp of Mauthausen-Gusen between 1940 and 1945, although the controversy surrounding his role as Chief of Kommando pursued him with the survivors, divided between those who highlighted his actions to help the survival of his men and those who accused him of collaborating with the SS.